FOREST DIVISION AND STATUS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF THE TAMAN PENINSULA

Modelling forest ecosystems: the Edinburgh Forest Model

Reasons for building an ecosystem model are discussed, stressing the importance of objectives. A model is required for any research programme aiming to take a firm grasp of forest responses. The Edinburgh Forest Model (EFM) is outlined. This is a standard model of the genre, taking account of pools and fluxes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water. It comprises tree, soil and water submodels. Th...

The Value of Forest Ecosystems

efl students gender and socioeconomic status: the use of politeness strategies in the first and second languages

within the components of communicative competence, a special emphasis is put on the “rules of politeness,” specifically the politeness strategies (brown and levinson, 1978) that speakers deploy when performing the request speech act. this is because the degree of imposition that making a request places upon one’s interlocutor(s) has been seen to be influenced by several factors among which, as ...

the relationship between using language learning strategies, learners’ optimism, educational status, duration of learning and demotivation

with the growth of more humanistic approaches towards teaching foreign languages, more emphasis has been put on learners’ feelings, emotions and individual differences. one of the issues in teaching and learning english as a foreign language is demotivation. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the components of language learning strategies, optimism, duration o...

Forest Ecosystems: Nutrient Cycling

Nutrients are elements or compounds that are essential for the growth and survival of plants. Plants require large amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), but only small amounts of others such as boron (B), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and chlorine (Cl) (micronutrients)...